公路工程无人机倾斜摄影测量技术规程

　 公路工程无人机倾斜摄影测量技术规程

　Technical Specification for Highway Engineering UVA Oblique Photogrammetry

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　I 目 录

　 前 言 ················································································································ IV 1

　范围 ·························································································································· 1 2

　规范性引用文件 ·········································································································· 1 3

　术语 ·························································································································· 1 3.1

　 倾斜摄影

　OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHY

　················································································ 1 3.2

　 相机倾斜角度

　OBLIQUE ANGLE

　···················································································· 1 3.3

　 航线弯曲度

　STRIP DEFORMATION

　·················································································· 1 3.4

　 实景模型 R EALITY M ODEL

　·························································································· 1 3.5

　 真正射影像

　TRUE D IGITAL O RTHOPHOTO M AP

　·································································· 2 4

　作业准备 ···················································································································· 2 4.1

　 资料搜集 ··············································································································· 2 4.2

　 测区踏勘 ··············································································································· 2 4.3

　 技术设计 ··············································································································· 2 4.4

　 仪器检查 ··············································································································· 2 5

　控制测量 ···················································································································· 2 5.1

　 基础控制测量 ········································································································· 2 5.2

　 像控点布设 ············································································································ 2 5.2.1

　像片控制点选点条件 ·························································································· 2 5.2.2

　区域网布点 ······································································································ 3 5.2.3

　航带法布点 ······································································································ 3 5.2.4

　GPS 辅助航摄、IMU/GPS 辅助航摄航带法布点 ························································ 3 5.3

　 像片控制测量 ········································································································· 3 5.3.1

　精度要求 ········································································································· 3 5.3.2

　像片控制点的编号 ····························································································· 3 5.3.3

　刺点与整饰 ······································································································ 3 5.3.4

　像片控制点测量 ································································································ 4 5.4

　 成果要求 ··············································································································· 4 6

　数据采集 ···················································································································· 4 6.1

　 航飞条件 ··············································································································· 4 6.1.1

　风速条件 ········································································································· 4 6.1.2

　能见度条件 ······································································································ 4 6.1.3

　温度条件 ········································································································· 4 6.1.4

　光照条件 ········································································································· 4 6.1.5

　管制条件 ········································································································· 4 6.2

　 飞行平台 ··············································································································· 5 6.2.1

　固定翼无人机 ··································································································· 5 6.2.2

　多旋翼无人机 ··································································································· 5 6.2.3

　辅助设备 ········································································································· 5 6.2.4

　地面控制系统 ··································································································· 5

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　II 6.2.5

　起降性能 ········································································································· 5 6.3

　 倾斜相机 ··············································································································· 5 6.3.1

　相机要求 ········································································································· 5 6.3.2

　相机像素 ········································································································· 5 6.3.3

　镜头焦距 ········································································································· 6 6.3.4

　定位模块 ········································································································· 6 6.4

　 航线设计 ··············································································································· 6 6.4.1

　测区带宽 ········································································································· 6 6.4.2

　相机倾角 ········································································································· 6 6.4.3

　航向重叠率 ······································································································ 6 6.4.4

　旁向重叠率 ······································································································ 6 6.4.5

　相对航高 ········································································································· 7 6.4.6

　航线弯曲度 ······································································································ 7 6.4.7

　漏洞补摄 ········································································································· 7 6.5

　 成果要求 ··············································································································· 7 6.5.1

　成果形式 ········································································································· 7 6.5.2

　成果质量 ········································································································· 7 6.5.3

　资料整理与验收 ································································································ 7 7

　数据处理 ···················································································································· 7 7.1

　 预处理 ·················································································································· 7 7.1.1

　区域分块 ········································································································· 7 7.1.2

　格式转换 ········································································································· 7 7.1.3

　影像增强 ········································································································· 8 7.2

　 空中三角测量 ········································································································· 8 7.2.1

　技术设计 ········································································································· 8 7.2.2

　相对定向 ········································································································· 8 7.2.3

　绝对定向 ········································································································· 8 7.3

　 三维重建 ··············································································································· 8 7.3.1

　模型质量要求 ··································································································· 8 7.3.2

　分块接边处理 ··································································································· 8 7.4

　 成果要求 ··············································································································· 8 7.4.1

　成果数据格式 ··································································································· 8 7.4.2

　成果质量检查 ··································································································· 9 7.5

　 成果管理 ············································································································· 10 7.5.1

　成果分类 ······································································································· 10 7.5.2

　文件命名规则 ································································································· 10 7.5.3

　元数据格式 ···································································································· 10 7.5.4

　存储方式 ······································································································· 10 7.5.5

　数据发布 ······································································································· 10 8

　成果应用 ·················································································································· 11 8.1

　 规划设计阶段应用 ································································································· 11 8.2

　 施工阶段应用 ······································································································· 11 8.3

　 运维阶段应用 ······································································································· 11 附录 A：技术设计书内容和格式 ······················································································· 12

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　III A.1

　 幅面 ·················································································································· 12 A.2

　 封面格式 ············································································································ 12 A.2.1

　项目设计书 ··································································································· 12 A.2.2

　专业技术设计书 ····························································································· 12 A.3

　 设计书的字号及字体 ····························································································· 12 A.3.1

　封面和目次的字号和字体 ················································································· 12 A.3.2

　正文的字号和字体 ·························································································· 12 A.4

　 设计书内容 ········································································································· 12 附录 B：航摄飞行记录表内容和格式 ················································································· 13 表

　B.1

　 飞行记录表 ····································································································· 13 附录 C：资料移交书格式和内容 ······················································································· 14 表 C.1

　 外业摄区简表 ··································································································· 14 表 C.2

　 移交资料清单 ··································································································· 14 附录 D：文件命名规则 ··································································································· 15 附录 E：元数据格式规则 ································································································· 16

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　IV 前 言

　 为规范和指导倾斜摄影测量在公路工程行业规划设计、施工、运营养护阶段的技术实施，保证工程质量，在总结各地应用倾斜摄影测量技术成果和经验的基础上，结合××省交通和气候等条件，特制定本规程。

　本规程依据 GB/T1.1《标准化工作导则第 1 部分：标准的结构和编写》要求编写。

　本规程由××提出并归口。

　本规程主要起草单位：××。

　本规程参与起草单位：××。

　本规程起草人：××

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　1 公路工程无人机倾斜摄影测量技术规程

　1

　范围 本标准规定了公路工程倾斜摄影测量技术应用的术语、作业要求、数据采集、数据处理、成果应用。

　本规程适用于各等级公路、市政道路和乡村公路采用无人机倾斜摄影方式开展低空数字航空摄影工作，除应满足本规程的规定外，尚应符合国家、行业颁布的其它有关标准、规范的规定，同时还需满足国家、地方关于无人机使用过程中的安全要求。

　2

　规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本规程的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅所注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。

　GB/T 27920.1

　 数字航空摄影规范第 1 部分：框幅式数字航空摄影 GB/T 7931

　1：500 1：1000 1：2000 地形图航空摄影测量外业规范 CH/Z 3003

　低空数字航空摄影测量内业规范 GB/T 23236

　 数字航空摄影测量空中三角测量规范 CH/Z 3004

　低空数字航空摄影测量外业规范 CH/Z 3005

　低空数字航空摄影规范第 2 部分：框幅式数字航空摄影 CH/T 1029.2

　航空摄影成果质量检验技术规程 CH/T 3021

　倾斜数字航空摄影技术规程 CH/T1004

　 测绘技术设计规定 CH/T 2009

　全球定位系统实时动态测量（RTK）技术规范 JTG/TC10

　 公路勘测规范 3

　术语 下列术语适用于本文件。

　3.1

　倾斜摄影 oblique photography 在同一飞行平台上搭载多台传感器，同时从多个角度采集影像。

　3.2

　相机倾斜角度 oblique angle 倾斜相机与垂直相机主光轴之间的夹角。

　3.3

　航线弯曲度 strip deformation 一条航线上,实际航迹与航线首末端像主点连线的偏离程度。

　3.4

　实景模型 Reality Model 通过倾斜摄影技术生成的具有高真实度的三维模型。

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　2 3.5

　真正射影像 true Digital Orthophoto Map 采用数字微分纠正技术，改正原始影像的几何变形，对整个测区进行影像重采样后，使影像视角被纠正为垂直视角而形成的影像图。

　4

　作业准备 4.1

　资料搜集 主要搜集以下资料：

　4.1.1

　测区范围、航摄要求； 4.1.2

　地形地貌、气候条件； 4.1.3

　基础控制点资料； 4.1.4

　航飞报批程序； 4.1.5

　图纸资料（地形图、卫星影像和规划设计图等）。

　4.2

　测区踏勘 对不熟悉情况的测区，宜进行测区踏勘，以便了解测区内与生产、生活有关的相关情况。

　4.3

　技术设计 技术设计书编写格式及内容要求可参照附录 A 执行。

　4.4

　仪器检查 作业适用的各种仪器、器材在生产作业之前应进行检查校正，并在检校合格有效期内使用。

　5

　控制测量 5.1

　基础控制测量 基础控制测量方法按 JTG/TC10 相关规定执行。

　5.2

　像控点布设 5.2.1

　像片控制点选点条件 5.2.1.1

　像片控制点的目标应清晰、易于判别和立体量测，如选在交角良好（30°-150°）的细小线状地物交点、明显地物拐角点，同时应是高程起伏较小易于准确定位和量测的地方。

　5.2.1.2

　对于像片控制点选择困难地区，可以航飞前布设“ ”标或“ ”标。

　表 1 点位示意图

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　3

　5.2.1.3

　像片控制点在像片中的位置应满足 CH/Z3004 规范要求。

　5.2.2

　区域网布点 面状区域航摄可采用区域网布点法，具体要求按 CH/Z3004 的要求执行。

　5.2.3

　航带法布点 公路工程倾斜摄影测量适宜采用航带法布点，沿航线方向，间隔 6-10 条基线，对称布设 1 组平高点。在航线起点、终点和转弯处布设 1 组平高点。每组应布设 3 个平高点，宜位于道路中心附近和道路两侧测量范围内边缘。

　表 2 航带法布点示意图

　5.2.4

　GPS 辅助航摄、IMU/GPS 辅助航摄航带法布点 像片控制点采用角点布置法，只在航带转弯处布设平高点。每段航带应至少布设 3 个平高检查点，推荐使用此方法布点，可以提高测量精度，减少像控点布设数量。

　5.3

　像片控制测量 5.3.1

　精度要求 平面控制点和平高控制点相对邻近基础控制点的平面位置中误差不应超过地物点平面位置中误差的 1/5。高程控制点和平高控制点相对邻近基础控制点的高程中误差不应超过基本等高距的 1/10。

　5.3.2

　像片控制点的编号 基础控制点使用原有编号，像片控制点沿线路依次编号，具体编号由技术设计书作出具体规定。

　5.3.3

　刺点与整饰 按 GB/T7931 的要求执行，可采用相纸输出的像片进行控制点判刺与整饰，推荐使用数字影像上刺点、标记并做点之记。

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　4 5.3.4

　像片控制点测量 按 GB/T7931 的要求执行。推荐有网络信号地区优先采用 CORS 网测量，具体要求按 CH/T 2009 中控制测量要求执行。

　5.4

　成果要求 上交的成果经检查验收后，交下一工序使用。上交成果应准确、清楚、齐全，主要提交内容按照CH/Z 3004 相关要求执行。

　6

　数据采集 6.1

　航飞条件 6.1.1

　风速条件 6.1.1.1

　无人机飞行对近地区域气流反应灵敏，起飞和降落的地面风力 1-2 级为宜。

　6.1.1.2

　无人机飞行应具备 4 级风力气象条件下安全飞行的能力。

　6.1.1.3

　需在飞行平台最大可承受风速内进行安全飞行，具体要求参照各飞行平台参数。

　6.1.2

　能见度条件 6.1.2.1

　飞行宜在天气晴朗,较为通透,能见度在 2000 米以上条件下进行。

　6.1.2.2

　当空气能见度较差时，宜降低航高或增加感光度以保证影像质量。

　6.1.3

　温度条件 兼顾传感器、飞行平台正常工作温度，宜在 0 至 40°C 范围内。

　6.1.4

　光照条件 应根据地面倾角（α）大小，确定地形类别。

　平坦地：α<3°； 丘陵地：3°≤α<10°； 山地：10°≤α<25°； 高山地：α≥25°。

　6.1.4.1

　航摄时，应保证具有充足的光照度，能够真实显现地表细部，同时应避免过大阴影，航摄时间一般宜根据表 3 规定的摄区太阳高度角和阴影倍数确定。

　表 3 摄区太阳高度角和阴影倍数 地形类型 太阳高度角（°）

　阴影倍数 平坦地 >20 <3 丘陵地和一般城镇 >25 <2.1 山地、高山地和大、中城市 ≥40 ≤1.2 6.1.4.2

　沙漠、大面积盐滩、盐碱地、戈壁滩，当地正午航摄应注意采集设备曝光设置，正午前后各 2 小时内不宜摄影。

　6.1.4.3

　高山地和高层建筑物密集的大城市宜在当地正午前后各 1 小时内摄影。

　6.1.5

　管制条件 航飞应符合国家及作业地区相关法律法规要求，同时在飞行活动过程中与相关管制单位建立可靠的

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　5 通信联系，及时通报情况，接受空中交通管制。

　6.2

　飞行平台 公路工程倾斜摄影应结合公路沿线的地形起伏情况和成图精度要求，合理选择飞行平台。

　6.2.1

　固定翼无人机 6.2.1.1

　应具备 5 级风力条件下安全飞行的能力。

　6.2.1.2

　巡航速度宜大于 15m/s。

　6.2.1.3

　升限能达到 1000m 以上。

　6.2.1.4

　具备回收或伞降功能。

　6.2.2

　多旋翼无人机 6.2.2.1

　应具备 4 级风力条件下安全飞行的能力。

　6.2.2.2

　巡航速度宜大于 6m/s。

　6.2.2.3

　升限能达到 1000m 以上。

　6.2.3

　辅助设备 宜选用带有定位功能的手持像片采集设备。

　6.2.4

　地面控制系统 无人机地面控制系统应该具备对无人机飞行平台和任务载荷进行监控和操纵的能力。

　6.2.4.1

　飞行监控功能 无人机可通过无线数据传输链路下传当前各状态信息，供地面操纵人员参考，同时根据无人机的状态，可实时发送控制命令，使地面操纵人员控制无人机飞行。

　6.2.4.2

　地图导航功能 应具备根据无人机实时位置信息，可在电子地图上进行轨迹标注，观察无人机任务执行情况。

　6.2.4.3

　任务回放功能 应具备历史记录功能，方便检查任务执行效果。

　6.2.5

　起降性能 无人机的起降性能应满足以下要求：

　6.2.5.1

　无人机应具备不依赖机场起降的能力。

　6.2.5.2

　起降困难地区使用的无人机应具备弹射起飞能力、撞网伞降功能或垂直起降能力。

　6.3

　倾斜相机 6.3.1

　相机要求 数码相机检校要求应满足 CH/Z3005 要求。

　6.3.2

　相机像素 单个成像探测器面阵不少于 2000 万像素。

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　6 6.3.3

　镜头焦距 镜头应定焦、焦平面恒定无穷远，镜头与相机机身稳固连接。

　6.3.4

　定位模块 定位模块指满足 RTK、PPK 和 PPP 等模式要求。

　6.4

　航线设计 6.4.1

　测区带宽 测区带宽 W 应根据公路工程各阶段应用要求划定，宜参照表 4 选定。

　表 4 各阶段测区带宽 区域类型 工程阶段 工可 初步设计 施工图设计及施工 运营养护 野外地区带宽（m）

　W≥800,互通等重点区域以实际为准 500≤W<800,互通等重点区域以实际为准 300≤W<500,互通等重点区域以实际为准 W<300,互通等重点区域以实际为准 构筑物一般区带宽（m）

　W≥600,互通等重点区域以实际为准 400≤W<600,互通等重点区域以实际为准 200≤W<400,互通等重点区域以实际为准 W<200,互通等重点区域以实际为准 构筑物密集区带宽（m）

　W≥400,互通等重点区域以实际为准 300≤W<400,互通等重点区域以实际为准 100≤W<300,互通等重点区域以实际为准 W<100,互通等重点区域以实际为准 6.4.2

　相机倾角 相机倾角α应根据公路工程各阶段应用要求设置，宜参照表 5 选定。

　表 5 各阶段相机倾角 区域类型 工程阶段 工可 初步设计 施工图设计及施工 运营养护 野外地区 α<30° 30°≤α<40° 40°≤α<45° α≥45° 构筑物一般区 α<40° 40°≤α<50° 50°≤α<55° α≥55° 构筑物密集区 α<50° 50°≤α<55° 55°≤α<60° α≥60° 6.4.3

　航向重叠率 公路各阶段航向重叠率 H 设置宜参照表 6 选定。

　表 6 各阶段航向重叠率 区域类型 工程阶段 工可 初步设计 施工图设计及施工 运营养护 野外地区 53%≤H<56% 56%≤H<60% 60%≤H<65% H≥65% 构筑物一般区 56%≤H<65% 65%≤H<70% 70%≤H<75% H≥75% 构筑物密集区 65%≤H<70% 70%≤H<75% 75%≤H<80% H≥80% 6.4.4

　旁向重叠率 公路各阶段旁向重叠率 S 设置宜参照表 7 选定。

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　7 表 7 各阶段旁向重叠率 区域类型 工程阶段 工可 初步设计 施工图设计及施工 运营养护 野外地区 45%≤S<50% 50%≤S<55% 55%≤S<60% S≥60% 构筑物一般区 50%≤S<60% 60%≤S<65% 65%≤S<70% S≥70% 构筑物密集区 60%≤S<70% 70%≤S<75% 75%≤S<80% S≥80% 6.4.5

　相对航高 同一航线上相邻像片的航高之差不应大于 30m，最大航高与最小航高之差不应大于 50m，实际航高与设计航高之差不应大于 50m。

　6.4.5.1

　结合测区地形条件，依据倾斜相机的类型和成图比例尺要求，确保成图精度的前提下，选择合适的地面分辨率。

　6.4.5.2

　依据地面分辨率，倾斜设备参数及地面情况，计算起飞相对航高，相对航高一般不超过1000m，最高不超过 1500m。

　6.4.6

　航线弯曲度 航线弯曲度一般不大于 5%。

　6.4.7

　漏洞补摄 航摄中出现的相对漏洞和绝对漏洞均应及时补摄，应采用前一次航摄飞行的相机进行补摄，补摄航线的两端应超过漏洞之外两条基线。

　6.5

　成果要求 6.5.1

　成果形式 采集成果移交资料内容可参照附录 B 中的要求执行。

　6.5.2

　成果质量 影像质量要求应符合 GB/T 27920.1 中对影像质量的要求。

　6.5.3

　资料整理与验收 文档资料的整理可参照 GB/T 27920.1 中的要求执行。

　7

　数据处理 7.1

　预处理 7.1.1

　区域分块 7.1.1.1

　应根据航摄分区、软硬件处理能力，合理设置分块大小。

　7.1.1.2

　分块接边处宜选择地形起伏较小区域。

　7.1.1.3

　区域接边处需有控制点分布，且控制点可适当加密。

　7.1.2

　格式转换 根据后处理需求，可对原始数据进行数据格式转换，但不应损失几何信息和辐射信息。

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　8 7.1.3

　影像增强 在不影响成果质量和后续处理的前提下，对阴天、雾霾等原因造成的质量较差影像，可适当进行增强处理。

　7.2

　空中三角测量 7.2.1

　技术设计 7.2.1.1

　项目设计和专业设计中涉及空中三角测量时，应满足本标准的各项技术要求，特殊情况不能达到时应明确说明原因，并通过项目组织管理部门的审核批准。

　7.2.1.2

　项目设计书、专业设计书的编写要求及主要内容按 CH/T 1004 执行。

　在满足规定精度的前提下，可采用新技术和新方法，应经过实践验证并提供实验报告，同时在技术设计书中明确说明相关要求和规定。

　7.2.2

　相对定向 7.2.2.1

　连接点中误差优于 1 个像素，最大残差优于 3 个像素。

　7.2.2.2

　每个相对连接点分布均匀。

　7.2.2.3

　每像对连接点数目应大于 30。

　7.2.3

　绝对定向 7.2.3.1

　区域网平差计算结束后，基本定向点残差、检查点误差、公共点较差最大限值，按照GB/T-23236 执行。

　7.2.3.2

　平差计算时对连接点、像片控制点进行粗差检测、删除或修正。

　7.3

　三维重建 7.3.1

　模型质量要求 7.3.1.1

　统一瓦片划分准则，包括起始位置、瓦片尺寸。

　7.3.1.2

　在条件允许情况下，瓦片尺寸宜尽量大。

　7.3.1.3

　无特殊要求情况，数据起算原点应保持一致。

　7.3.1.4

　无特殊要求情况，空三、瓦片划分、三维成果应保持空间参考一致。

　7.3.2

　分块接边处理 7.3.2.1

　宜选择比例尺相同、地形较为平坦且具有控制点分布的区域进行分块。

　7.3.2.2

　接边区域可采用公用控制点，严格控制精度,确保无明显几何偏差。

　7.3.2.3

　保证接边瓦片的完整性。

　7.4

　成果要求 7.4.1

　成果数据格式 倾斜摄影测量数据成果类型与成果格式宜参照表 8 执行。

　表 8 倾斜摄影测量数据类型与成果格式 序号 成果类型 成果格式 1 数字高程模型（DEM）

　.Tiff 等 2 数字正射影像（DOM）

　.Tiff 等

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　9 序号 成果类型 成果格式 3 数字真正射影像（TDOM）

　.Tiff 等 4 数字地表模型（DSM）

　.Tiff 等 5 三维点云（3D point）

　.ply、.vtk 等 6 实景模型 .Osgb、.3D tiles、.S3m 等 7.4.2

　成果质量检查 7.4.2.1

　检查内容 倾斜摄影测量成果数据质量检查项主要包括空间参考系、位置精度、完整性、产品质量及附件质量具体要求宜参照表 9 执行。

　表 9 倾斜摄影测量数据质量检查项 质量要求 检查项 检查内容 精度检查 空间参考系 平面坐标系、高程坐标系、投影参考。

　位置精度 平面精度、高程精度。

　完整性 / 成果数据类别、要素数量和作业范围。

　数据质量 几何检查 1、道路、水系等地物要素连续均匀。

　2、建筑物等构筑物外形轮廓清晰可见。

　3、树木外形趋于合理，允许独立无支撑植被模型。

　4、无不合理空洞、起伏、扭曲、碎片和漂浮物。

　纹理检查 纹理分辨率和纹理真实性。

　附件质量 原始数据 原始数据结构、内容的完整性和正确性。

　文档成果 其他属于项目成果的文件资料的正确性和完整性。

　1、成果文件资料内容应合理、可靠。

　2、质检报告的内容应完整，表述应清楚，总结报告分析结论应合理。

　7.4.2.2

　检查方法 参考系的质量子元素包括：大地基准、高程基准和地图投影。主要是检查模型数据采用的大地基准、高程基准和地图投影是否符合设计情况，主要采用外业打点检核和内业人机交互方法检查。模型精度检查具体要求宜参照表 10 执行。

　表 10 倾斜摄影测量数据精度检查主要质量元素表 质量元素 质量子元素 检验内容 检验手段 空间参考系 大地基准 检查采用的大地基准符合设计要求 人机交互检查 高程基准 检查采用的高程基准符合设计要求 地图投影 检查采用的地图投影符合设计要求 位置精度 平面精度 检查平面位置精度符合设计要求 人机交互检查 高程精度 检查高程位置精度符合设计要求 场景中模型相对位置 检查场景中模型相对位置的正确程度

　DB ××/T ×××—20××

　10 7.4.2.3

　完整性检查 成果数据的完整性检查质量子元素主要包括模型数据多余检查和遗漏检查，模型数据完整性检查具体要求宜参照表 11 执行。

　表 11 倾斜摄影测量数据完整性检查主要质量元素表 质量元素 质量子元素 检验内容 检验手段 完整性 成果数据多余 检查成果数据的重复、冗余程度 人机交互检查 成果数据冗余 检查成果数据的缺失程度 7.5

　成果管理 7.5.1

　成果分类 成果分类采用公路分类与专题分类结合的方式描述，具体要求宜参照表 12、表 13 执行。

　表 12 按公路要求分类 公路分类 代码 描述 高速公路 GS / 一级及以下等级公路 DJ / 市政道路 SZ / 乡村公路 XC / 表 13 按专题要求分类 专题分类 代码 描述 公路主体 YB 公路路线及周边区域内的要素 服务区 FW 公路侧服务区 收费站 SF 收费公路收费站 养护工区 YH 公路养护工区 其它 QT / 7.5.2

　文件命名规则 文件命名规则可参照附录 D 要求执行。

　7.5.3

　元数据格式 元数据格式规则可参照附录 E 要求执行。

　7.5.4

　存储方式 倾斜摄影测量数据宜按照文档方式存储。

　7.5.5

　数据发布 7.5.5.1

　在公共网络中，倾斜摄影测量模型宜按 http 或者 ftp 协议模式发布。

　7.5.5.2

　在局域网中，倾斜摄影测量模型宜按 ftp 协议或者文件共享方式发布。

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　11 8

　成果应用 8.1

　规划设计阶段应用 倾斜摄影测量可应用于公路工程新建、改扩建及养护工程规划设计中的外业调查、线位比选、场景模拟、设计校核等工作。

　8.1.1

　可在外业勘察阶段辅助进行房屋综合调查、水系调查和道路调查等工作。

　8.1.2

　工可、初步设计阶段，实景模型宜用在多条线位综合方案比选；施工图设计阶段，成果宜用在线位微调方案比选。

　8.1.3

　工程设计与现状地物有空间位置关系时，宜利用实景模型对图纸进行净空、空间占位等设计校核。

　8.1.4

　实景模型宜与工程模型融合，通过仿真模拟手段将建成通车后场景前置，提前感知行车安全性。

　8.2

　施工阶段应用 倾斜摄影测量可应用于公路工程施工过程中的深化设计、场址布设、施工模拟、进度及安全监测等工作。

　8.2.1

　便道对住宅区、苗木地和耕地等居民生活密集区有影响时，宜选择实景模型作为便道选线的基础资料。

　8.2.2

　对环境、地形影响较大时，宜利用实景模型进行临时设施、取弃土场选址布设。

　8.2.3

　当施工场地空间受限时，宜利用实景模型结合工程模型进行工艺、工法的仿真模拟。

　8.2.4

　依据施工进度，可周期性获取同一航线规划设计区域内的实景模型，动态掌握本区域内的施工工程量变化，采集周期以施工进度为准，建议定期进行采集。

　8.3

　运维阶段应用 倾斜摄影测量可应用于公路工程基础设施运营养护阶段中的应急测绘、无人巡检及安全监测等工作。

　8.3.1

　在进行服务区提升改造、边坡防护处置等对运营保通有较高要求的工程实施时，设计阶段宜优先选用无人机倾斜摄影测量作业。

　8.3.2

　在运营饱和、车流量大的路段进行路面养护巡查，桥梁定检人员不易达到或达到风险较大位置，道路巡查频率较高路段，宜选择无人机倾斜摄影测量技术作业。

　8.3.3

　发生地震、山体滑坡和泥石流等危及公路安全的自然灾害后，对于存在安全隐患、危及人身安全的地带，宜选择无人机倾斜摄影测量方式进行应急测绘保障。

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　12 附录 A：技术设计书内容和格式 参照以下要求执行：

　A.1

　幅面 技术设计书建议采用 A4 幅面（210mm×297mm），以便于阅读、复印和保存。

　A.2

　封面格式 A.2.1

　项目设计书 项目设计书封面格式可参照 CH/T1004 相关要求执行。

　A.2.2

　专业技术设计书 专业技术设计书封面格式可参照 CH/T1004 相关要求执行。

　A.3

　设计书的字号及字体 A.3.1

　封面和目次的字号和字体 设计书封面名称用二号黑体，封面的其它文字均用四号仿宋。

　目次页的“目次”用三号黑体，目次内容用小四号宋体。

　A.3.2

　正文的字号和字体 设计书正文中，章、条、附录的编号和标题用小四号黑体，图、表的标题亦用小四号黑体。正文和附录的其它内容均采用小四号宋体。

　A.4

　设计书内容 设计书内容主要包括任务概述、测区自然地理概况和已有资料情况、主要技术指标要求、设计方案，具体内容可参照 CH/T1004 相关要求执行。

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　13 附录 B：航摄飞行记录表内容和格式 参照表 B.1 执行：

　表 B.1

　飞行记录表 机组

　日期

　 从

　时

　分到

　时

　分 摄区 摄区名称

　摄区代号

　航摄分区

　垂直影像地面分辨率/m

　绝对航空

　摄影方向

　航线条数

　地形地貌

　飞机 飞机型号

　飞机编号

　航摄 航摄仪型号

　航摄仪编号

　焦距

　天气 天气状况

　水平能见度

　垂直能见度

　机组 机长

　飞行员

　摄影员

　航摄飞行示意图 备注 填表人：

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　14 附录 C：资料移交书格式和内容 参照表 C.1 执行：

　××摄区资料移交书 根据

　 年

　 月

　 日

　合同，执行

　摄区航空摄影任务，完成航摄里程

　KM，航摄面积

　 KM²，移交资料如下表：

　表 C.1

　外业摄区简表 工程阶段 完成航摄面积（KM²）

　测区带宽（m）

　相机倾角（°）

　影像类型 起飞点 相对航高 航向重叠率 旁向重叠率 备注 工可

　 初步设计

　 施工图设计或施工

　 运营养护

　 …

　 表 C.2

　移交资料清单 序号 项目 规格 份数 数量 备注 1 倾斜摄影技术设计书 纸质文档

　 附电子文档 2 倾斜摄影飞行记录表

　 附电子扫描件 3 外业摄区简表

　 附电子扫描件 4 成果处理简表

　 附电子文件 5 其它相关资料

　 附电子文档 …

　以上内容经双方确认无误后，签字后生效。

　甲方签字：

　 乙方签字：

　时

　间：

　 时

　间：

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　15 附录 D：文件命名规则 参照以下要求执行：

　如高速公路服务区倾斜摄影测量项目分类代码为 GSFW，乡村道路项目分类代码为 XC。

　工程命名：工程名称缩写-类型代码-批次 元数据命名：M-工程名称缩写-类型代码-批次 成果文件命名：F-工程名称缩写-类型代码-批次-起始里程桩号-结束里程桩号 采集照片文件集命名：P-工程名称缩写-批次[-起始里程桩号-结束里程桩号] 相关资料集命名：Z-工程名称缩写-批次[-起始里程桩号-结束里程桩号] 工程名称缩写指本测量工程的中文名称拼音首字母缩写，类型代码为本项目的类型代码。批次是指本项目的第几次数据采集及建模，采用阿拉伯数字记录。里程桩号均精确到米，起始里程桩号向下取整，终止里程桩号向上取整。外业照片数据集和资料集可以根据实际情况添加或不添加里程桩号信息。

　举例：XX 高速公路施工工程，K1+200.2-K2+000.5 段第 2 次采集，其 工程命名：××××-GSYB-2 元数据命名：M-××××-GSYB-2 成果文件命名：F-××××-GSYB-2-K1+200-K2+001 外业照片保存数据集：P-××××-GSYB-2-K1+200-K2+001 外业相关资料集命名：Z-××××-GSYB-2-K1+200-K2+001

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　16 附录 E：元数据格式规则 参照以下要求执行：

　元数据采用 xml 格式记录 <project alias="项目信息"> <name alias="项目名称缩写"/> <zhname alias="项目中文名称"/> <type alias="项目类型"/> <batch alias="采集批次"/> <date alias="完成日期"/> <des alias="项目信息备注"/> <geoinformation alias="空间信息"> <startstation alias="起始桩号"/> <endstation alias="终止桩号"/> <SRS alias="空间参考系统"> <epsg alias="坐标 ID"/> <name alias="坐标系名称"/> <des alias="描述"/> <VCS alias="高程系统"/> </SRS> <extent alias="四至范围"/> </geoinformation> <filesinfo alias="文档信息"> <count alias="文件数量"/> <list alias="文件列表"> <file alias="文件"> <name alias="文件名称"/> <format alias="文件格式"/> </file> </list> </filesinfo> <creater alias="制作者信息"> <company alias="公司名称"/> <director alias="项目负责人"/> <tel alias="联系电话"/> <email alias="邮箱"/> </creater> </project>