内河水运航道船闸扩容改造工程环境影响评价报告书环境现状调查与评价章节示例

　 内河水运航道一线船闸扩容改造工程

　环境影响 评价 报告书

　（环境现状调查与评价章节示例）

　 建设单位：×× 调查单位：×× 完成时间：20××年×月

　 1 目 目

　 录

　3

　环境现状调查与评价 ············································ 1

　3.1

　 区域环境概况 ······················································ 1

　3.1.1

　地理位置 ····························································· 1

　3.1.2

　河流水系 ····························································· 1

　3.1.3

　气候气象 ····························································· 2

　3.1.3.1

　气温 ············································································ 2

　3.1.3.2

　降水 ············································································ 2

　3.1.3.3

　风况 ············································································ 2

　3.1.3.4

　雾况 ············································································ 2

　3.1.3.5

　相对湿度 ······································································ 2

　3.1.4

　水文、泥沙 ·························································· 3

　3.1.4.1

　水文 ············································································ 3

　3.1.4.1.1

　径流 ····················································································· 3 3.1.4.1.2

　水文站 ·················································································· 3 3.1.4.2

　设计水位 ······································································ 3

　3.1.4.2.1

　××闸上 ··············································································· 3 3.1.4.2.2

　××闸下 ··············································································· 4 3.1.4.3

　泥沙 ············································································ 4

　3.1.4.4

　地震 ············································································ 5

　3.1.4.5

　建筑材料 ······································································ 5

　3.1.4.5.1

　土料 ····················································································· 5 3.1.4.5.2

　砂料 ····················································································· 5 3.1.4.5.3

　石料 ····················································································· 5 3.1.4.5.4

　钢材 ····················································································· 5 3.2

　 生态环境现状调查与评价 ······································· 5

　3.2.1

　生态环境现状评价方法 ··········································· 6

　3.2.2

　陆生植物资源调查 ················································· 6

　3.2.2.1

　植被调查方法 ································································ 6

　3.2.2.2

　陆生植被概况 ································································ 7

　3.2.2.3

　植被物种组成及区系特点 ················································· 8

　3.2.2.3.1

　植被物种组成 ········································································· 8 3.2.2.3.2

　区系特征 ··············································································· 8 3.2.2.4

　植被群落类型 ································································ 9

　3.2.2.4.1

　陆域植被 ··············································································· 9 3.2.2.4.1.1

　乔木植被 ·········································································· 9 3.2.2.4.1.1.1 香樟群落 ····································································· 10 3.2.2.4.1.1.2 垂柳群落 ····································································· 10 3.2.2.4.1.1.3 构树-桑树群落 ······························································ 10

　 2 3.2.2.4.1.2

　灌丛植被 ········································································· 10 3.2.2.4.1.3

　陆生草本植被群落 ····························································· 10 3.2.2.4.1.3.1 空心莲子草群落 ···························································· 10 3.2.2.4.1.3.2 大巢菜群落 ·································································· 11 3.2.2.4.1.3.3 芦苇群落 ····································································· 11 3.2.2.4.2

　陆域与滨河过渡区植被 ···························································· 11 3.2.2.4.2.1 空心莲子草+马唐群落 ························································· 11 3.2.2.4.2.2 白茅群落 ·········································································· 11 3.2.2.4.3

　湿生植被 ·············································································· 11 3.2.2.4.3.1

　空心莲子草群落 ································································ 11 3.2.2.4.3.2

　芦苇群落 ········································································· 11 3.2.2.4.4

　农作物植被 ··········································································· 11 3.2.3

　水生生态调查 ····················································· 12

　3.2.3.1

　调查河段水生生物资源概况 ············································ 12

　3.2.3.1.1

　主要经济鱼类 ········································································ 12 3.2.3.1.1.1

　青鱼 Mylopharyngodonpiceus ················································ 12 3.2.3.1.1.2

　草鱼 Ctenopharyngodonidellus ··············································· 12 3.2.3.1.1.3

　鲢 Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix ·············································· 13 3.2.3.1.1.4

　鳙 Aristichthysnobilis ·························································· 13 3.2.3.1.1.5

　鲤 Cyprinuscarpio ······························································ 14 3.2.3.1.1.6

　鲫 Carassiusauratus ····························································· 14 3.2.3.1.1.7

　鳊 Parabramispekinensis ······················································· 14 3.2.3.1.1.8

　日本鳗鲡 Anguillajaponica ··················································· 15 3.2.3.1.1.9

　鳜 Sinipercachuatsi ····························································· 15 3.2.3.1.1.10

　黄颡鱼 Pseudobagrusfulvidraco ············································ 15 3.2.3.1.1.11

　乌鳢 Channaargus ····························································· 16 3.2.3.1.1.12

　翘嘴鲌 Culteralburnus ······················································· 16 3.2.3.1.1.13

　鲇 Silurusasotus ······························································· 16 3.2.3.1.1.14

　长颌鲚 Coiliaectenes ························································· 17 3.2.3.1.1.15

　太湖新银鱼 Neosalanxtaihuensis ··········································· 17 3.2.3.1.2

　其他经济物种 ········································································ 17 3.2.3.1.2.1

　中华绒螯蟹 Eriocheirsinensis ················································ 17 3.2.3.1.2.2

　日本沼虾 Macrobrachiumnipponense ······································· 18 3.2.3.2

　水生生物资源与水域生态环境现状调查与评价 ···················· 18

　3.2.3.2.1

　调查内容 ·············································································· 18 3.2.3.2.2

　调查范围 ·············································································· 18 3.2.3.2.3

　调查时段 ·············································································· 19 3.2.3.2.4

　调查方法 ·············································································· 19 3.2.3.2.4.1

　采样、测定方法 ································································ 19 3.2.3.2.4.2

　评价方法 ········································································· 19 3.2.3.2.4.2.1 水质评价 ····································································· 19 3.2.3.2.4.2.2 生态优势度 ·································································· 19 3.2.3.2.4.2.3 多样性指数 ·································································· 19 3.2.3.3

　水生生物资源和水域生态环境现状与评价 ·························· 20

　 3 3.2.3.3.1

　鱼类区系、群落结构及资源量现状与评价 ···································· 20 3.2.3.3.1.1

　鱼类区系 ········································································· 20 3.2.3.3.1.1.1 江河平原区系复合体 ······················································ 20 3.2.3.3.1.1.2 北方平原区系复合体 ······················································ 20 3.2.3.3.1.1.3 南方热带平原区系复合体 ················································ 20 3.2.3.3.1.1.4 晚第三纪早期区系复合体 ················································ 20 3.2.3.3.1.1.5 南黄海、东海近海类群 ··················································· 20 3.2.3.3.1.2

　群落结构及资源量现状与评价 ············································· 20 3.2.3.3.1.2.1 群落组成 ····································································· 20 3.2.3.3.1.2.2 群落结构 ····································································· 23 3.2.3.3.1.2.3 渔获物组成 ·································································· 24 3.2.3.3.1.2.4 群落优势种 ·································································· 31 3.2.3.3.1.2.5 多样性指数 ·································································· 33 3.2.3.3.1.2.6 资源密度 ····································································· 36 3.2.3.3.1.2.7 渔获生物学 ·································································· 38 3.2.3.3.1.2.8 早期资源现状 ······························································· 42 3.2.3.3.1.3

　珍稀、特有和濒危水生生物现状与评价 ································· 43 3.2.3.3.1.4

　鱼类等水生生物生态功能区调查与评价 ································· 43 3.2.3.3.1.5

　鱼类等水生生物繁殖现状与评价 ·········································· 44 3.2.3.3.1.6

　调查河段结构和功能完整性评价 ·········································· 44 3.2.3.3.1.7

　外源物种入侵调查 ····························································· 44 3.2.3.3.1.8

　水体理化指标现状 ····························································· 44 3.2.3.3.2

　浮游植物现状 ········································································ 44 3.2.3.3.2.1

　群落组成 ········································································· 44 3.2.3.3.2.2

　群落优势种 ······································································ 47 3.2.3.3.2.3

　生物量 ············································································ 47 3.2.3.3.2.4

　群落多样性 ······································································ 48 3.2.3.3.8.5

　藻类浓度 ········································································· 50 3.2.3.3.3

　浮游动物现状 ········································································ 50 3.2.3.3.3.1

　群落组成 ········································································· 50 3.2.3.3.3.2

　群落优势种 ······································································ 51 3.2.3.3.3.3

　生物量 ············································································ 51 3.2.3.3.3.4

　群落多样性 ······································································ 53 3.2.3.3.4

　底栖动物现状 ········································································ 54 3.2.3.3.4.1

　群落组成 ········································································· 54 3.2.3.3.4.2

　群落优势种 ······································································ 55 3.2.3.3.4.3

　密度与生物量 ··································································· 55 3.2.3.3.4.4

　群落多样性 ······································································ 56 3.2.4

　生态环境现状小结 ··············································· 58

　3.3

　 声环境质量现状调查与评价 ··································· 58

　3.3.1

　声环境现状调查 ·················································· 58

　3.3.1.1

　声环境现状调查目的 ····················································· 58

　3.3.1.2

　声环境现状监测 ··························································· 58

　 4 3.3.1.2.1

　监测点布置 ··········································································· 58 3.3.1.2.2

　监测时段和频次 ····································································· 58 3.3.1.2.3

　监测方法和监测因子 ······························································· 58 3.3.1.2.4

　监测单位和监测时间 ······························································· 58 3.3.2

　声环境质量现状评价监测结果 ································ 59

　3.4

　 底泥现状调查与评价 ············································ 59

　3.4.1

　底泥现状调查 ····················································· 59

　3.4.1.1

　监测布点 ···································································· 59

　3.4.1.2

　监测因子 ···································································· 59

　3.4.1.3

　监测结果 ···································································· 59

　3.4.2

　底泥现状评价 ····················································· 60

　3.4.2.1

　评价标准 ···································································· 60

　3.4.2.2

　评价方法 ···································································· 60

　3.4.2.3

　评价结果 ···································································· 60

　3.5

　 土壤现状监测与评价 ············································ 61

　3.5.1

　土壤现状监测 ····················································· 61

　3.5.1.1

　监测布点 ···································································· 61

　3.5.1.2

　监测因子 ···································································· 61

　3.5.1.3

　监测结果 ···································································· 61

　3.5.2

　土壤现状评价 ····················································· 61

　3.5.2.1

　评价标准 ···································································· 61

　3.5.2.2

　评价方法 ···································································· 61

　3.5.2.3

　评价结果 ···································································· 61

　3.6

　 环境空气现状调查与评价 ······································ 62

　3.6.1

　环境空气现状调查 ··············································· 62

　3.6.1.1

　监测布点 ···································································· 62

　3.6.1.2

　监测因子 ···································································· 62

　3.6.1.3

　监测频次 ···································································· 62

　3.6.1.4

　监测方法 ···································································· 62

　3.6.1.5

　监测结果 ···································································· 62

　3.6.2

　环境空气现状质量评价 ········································· 63

　3.6.2.1

　评价标准 ···································································· 63

　3.6.2.2

　评价方法 ···································································· 63

　3.6.2.3

　评价结果 ···································································· 63

　3.7

　 地表水环境现状调查与评价 ··································· 65

　3.7.1

　地表水环境现状调查 ············································ 65

　3.7.1.1

　监测断面 ···································································· 65

　3.7.1.2

　监测因子 ···································································· 65

　3.7.1.3

　采样频次 ···································································· 65

　3.7.1.4

　监测方法 ···································································· 65

　 5 3.7.1.5

　监测结果 ···································································· 65

　3.7.2

　地表水环境现状质量评价 ······································ 66

　3.7.2.1

　评价标准 ···································································· 66

　3.7.2.2

　评价方法 ···································································· 66

　3.7.2.3

　评价结果 ···································································· 67

　第 1 页

　共 67 页 3

　环境现状调查与评价

　3.1

　区域环境概况

　3.1.1

　地理位置

　××市位于××南部，环抱五大淡水湖之一的××。××市位于××省中部，临近长江，环抱××，周边分别与××、全椒、××、××、××接壤。××市下辖 6 个街道、11 个镇、1 个乡。

　××线××一线船闸位于××线××一线船闸位于××市市区西南司家巷，××入××河处，上游距离××湖区 1.1km，下游距离××南路××河大桥 0.92km。××一线船闸规模为 195×15×3.5m（闸室长×口门宽×槛上水深，以下同），1962 年底竣工；××复线船闸规模为 230×23×4.5m，20××年底建成。

　××线××一线船闸扩容改造工程拟拆除老线船闸，并在原位改建××一线船闸，改建××一线船闸为Ⅱ级通航建筑物，设计最大船舶吨级为 2000t，船闸规模为 260×34×5.6 （m）。

　3.1.2

　河流水系

　××线航道是××经济圈通往长江的唯一水上通道，是××省“两干三支”国家高等级航道中的一支。该航道起点为××市××新港，终点为××河入江口，由××河、××、××河三段组成，全长约 138km。

　××河：是××水系的一大支流，源于××分水岭××余脉××南麓，至××进入董铺水库，于××南出库后，穿××路桥，经××市区左纳××河、××河来水，穿××路桥至××左纳××来水，至×河左纳××河来水，折西南流，于××注入××，干流河道长 70 余km，其中河源至××市××路桥为上游长 38km；××路桥至××为下游长 24km，该河段是××河主要通航河段。××：位于长江下游干流左岸，××省中部，是我国五大淡水湖泊之一。地跨××、××、××、××、××5 市、县，较大的支流有××河、×河、××××河、×河、××河、和××河等汇入，后经××河流入长江；流域总面积 14203km²，其中××闸以上流域面积 9130km²，××河流域面积 3808km²。

　××河：该河流经××市××区、××、××、××一区三县，流域面积 3808km²，是××主要入江水道；上自××闸下至××河入长江口全长 62.1km，主要支流有西河及××河。

　××：××流域位于××省中部，由××、××、××、××、××二市三县环抱，东西长 54.5 公里，南北平均宽 15.1 公里，湖岸线最长 181 公里多公里。

　最大水域面积约 825 平方公里，最大容积 48.10 亿立方米，最大深度 0.98～7.98 米。湖水主要靠地面迳流补给，流域面积为 12938 平方公里，集水范围包括××，××、××，××，××，××、××等两市五县。沿湖共有河流 35 条。其中较大的河流有××河、××河、×河、××河、××河、××河、×河等。从南、西、北三面汇入湖内，然后在××市城关出湖，经××河东南流至××口注入长江。

　第 2 页

　共 67 页 3.1.3

　气候气象

　3.1.3 .1

　气温

　工程地点为××地区、××地区，属于××流域。所在区域多年平均气温 15.7℃，历年极端最高气温 41.0℃（1959 年 8 月 23 日）；历年极端最低气温-20.6℃（1955 年 1 月 6 日）。

　在区域年平均气温 16.1℃，历年极端最高气温 39.6℃（1959 年 8 月 23 日）；极端最低值为-15.7℃（1969 年 2 月 6 日）。

　××、××河等未曾发生过冰冻现象。

　3.1.3 .2

　降水

　区域多年平均降雨量为 1132 毫米，受季风影响，本区降雨年际变化大，最 大年 1991 年降雨量为 1842 毫米，最小年 1978 年降水量为 592 毫米，最大年降雨是最小年 3～4 倍，湖区年平均降雨 1003.4 毫米，少于周围陆地。降水的年内分布不均，降雨主要集中在汛期，年内 7 月降雨最多，12 月最少。多年平均降水日数为 124 天。

　3.1.3 .3

　风况

　由于受季风气候的影响，区域内风向有显著的季节变化。区域全年最多风向是偏东风，最少风向是偏西风，××各月风向有明显的季节变化，11～1 月以偏北风为主，2～3 月以偏东风为主，4～7 月以偏南风为主，8～10 月又转为偏东风为主。××风向的日变化不大，但××北岸有湖陆风现象存在，在无天气系统影响下，白天吹湖风（即偏南风），夜里吹陆风（即偏北风）。××多年平均风速 2.6 米/秒，风速在一年中有明显的季节变化，春季风速最大，冬季和夏季次之，秋季最小。因为春季多寒潮大风，而冬季寒潮大风日数少，风速不及春季。夏季因夏季风推进，且有雷雨大风，风速略大于秋季。

　区域 6 级以上的风（风速 10.8 米／秒以上）全年平均出现 92 天，8 级以上的风（风速17.2 米／秒以上）全年平均出现 8 天。它们都是春季出现最多，秋季出现最少。8 级以上的大风易于造成灾害。××各种风向的风速，几乎都是白天大、夜里小。

　区域春冬季以偏北风为主，夏季多为西南风，冬季多为西北风。多年平均风速××3.3米/秒，最大极值风速可达 22 米/秒。××湖区年平均风速 3.9 米/秒，大于周围陆地，8 级以上大风、平均每年 19 天左右，主要集中在春夏季。

　3.1.3 .4

　雾况

　××多年平均雾日数为 15.6 天，××多年平均雾日数为 7.6 天；××历年最多雾日数为24 天，历年最少雾日数为 6 天；××历年最多雾日数为 13 天，历年最少雾日数为 1 天。

　3.1.3 .5

　相对湿度

　多年平均湿度约为 80%左右，一般 4～7 月份较大，12～2 月份较小。

　第 3 页

　共 67 页 3.1.4

　水文、泥沙

　3.1.4.1

　水文

　3.1.4.1 .1

　径流

　××线航道河湖径流由流域内地表降水形成，主要来自××河上游、××入湖河道等。流域内地表坡度上陡下缓，降水量的大小及下游长江顶托是形成该河段洪水的主要因素，流域内降水相对集中，5～9 月份降水量占年降水量的 66%，洪水类型属暴雨洪水，洪水过程为多峰型，每年最大洪峰流量多出现在 6～9 月份。枯水期流量分配不均，但尚未出现断流情况。

　××闸以上来水面积 9153 平方公里，多年平均入湖水量为 36.5 亿 m³左右，其中 5～9月占全年的 64%，10～4 月占 36%，年内分配很不均匀。丰、枯水年之间的年际变化也很大，如丰水年 1991 年的入湖水量为 89.4 亿 m³，而干旱年份如 1978 年入湖水量仅 7.8 亿 m³左右，水资源丰枯变化悬殊。

　年内径流量的变化主要利用××闸水文站、××河水文站实测资料统计分析，成果见下表。

　表 表 3.1- -1 1

　实测月平均径流量统计表（单位：m m³ ³ /s ）

　月份测站

　1 1

　2 2

　3 3

　4 4

　5 5

　6 6

　7 7

　8 8

　9 9

　10

　11

　12

　××闸 52.8 72.7 111.4 100.7 131.9 196.7 257.4 143.7 111 99.1 81.4 54.7 ××闸 59.3 91.9 134.5 121.7 162.2 230.4 299.3 174.5 148.9 130.4 119.6 65.6 3.1.4.1 .2

　水文站

　××河于 1951 年 11 月在××北门文昌村设有水位站，从 1953 年 1 月起开始施测水位和流量，1954 年 5 月上迁至××北门××街，1966 年起改为水位站观测至今。××湖区有 1962年 1 月设立的××水位站、1953 年 5 月设立的××镇水位站、1957 年 11 月设立的××水位站，水位自建站以来观测至今，以及 1963 年 1 月在××闸上、下游设立了水文站。1968 年 1月在××闸上、下游设立了水文站，自建站始施测水位、流量至今。

　3.1.4.2

　设计水位

　改建一线船闸等级为Ⅱ级，上游侧为××侧，下游侧为××河侧。根据《船闸总体设计规范》（JTJ305-2001）4.1.2、4.1.3 条，最高通航水位采用 20 年一遇，最低通航水位采用98%保证率。

　3.1.4.2 .1

　××闸上

　××洪水主要受长江洪水和本流域诸多支流山丘区来水影响，洪水持续时间长。5～7 月份湖水位随各支流洪水上涨，7～9 月份因长江涨水维持湖区高水位，10 月份开始退水。据建国后 40 余年资料分析，支流洪峰一般发生在 5～7 月份，而长江高水位一般在 7～9 月份，当支流洪峰滞后，长江洪水提前，两者遭遇，或两者虽不遭遇，但当长江高水位顶托，××闸关闸，若此时内河洪水仍较大，洪水宣泄不畅，就造成××较高洪水位，单纯由××闸以上

　第 4 页

　共 67 页 各支流引起的洪水，洪水量级较小时，湖水位一般较低，如遇××流域发生长历时大暴雨，则也会出现较高洪水位。

　自××闸 1963 年建成后正常运行以来，历年最高水位▽12.71（1991.7.14，吴淞高程，下同），最低水位▽6.47（1978.11.9）；××闸上兴利和汛限水位一般控制在▽7.5～8.0。1991年以后，随着凤凰颈站等引排水工程的建成以来，××周边用水量日益增长，××闸非汛期大多超蓄，××蓄水位多在▽8.0～8.5 之间，××闸上多年平均水位▽8.33，自 20××年以来，枯水季节水位均在▽8.0 以上。

　1994 年《××流域防洪规划》，以及《××市城市防洪规划》，××20 年一遇高水位为▽12.50。低水位依据××闸上 1987～20××年系列资料计算 98%保证率水位为▽...