国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语（2）》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案

　国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语 （2）

　》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业（合集）答 案 《高级英语 （2 2 ）＞形考网络谋答案 瞬任务］ 题目 1 A:

　________

　speak to the recruitment manager, please. B: I"m sorry, I*m afraid he"s not in the office at the moment. 选择一项：

　A. Thank you for B. Do you think you could C. I vonder if I could

　D. I* m afraid I can* t 题目 2

　__

　Jane and Simon at Beluga Bar tomorrow. Do you want to come? 选择一项：

　A. I meet B. I* 11 have met C. I"ll meet D. I"m nee ting

　题目 3 A: Tom and Jane are planning to get married. They* re only eighteen! B: So?

　________

　Nothing big deal. 选择一项：

　A. Are you joking? B. What"s vrong with that?

　C. No way! D. I don* t believe it. 题目 4

　________

　the light, she left the room. 选择一项：

　A. Turning off

　B. To turn off D. Turn off 题目 5 After they

　_____

　dinner, they went out. 选择一项：

　A. finish B. have finished C. had finished

　D. are finishing 题目 6 Have you got any aspirin? The anaesthetic is

　____________ . 选择一项：

　A. wearing it off B. vearing off my mouth

　C. wearing off D. wearing off it 题目 7 You,11 have to

　___

　a better excuse than that. 选择一项：

　A. go away from B. do away with C. come across D. come up with

　题目 8

　________

　it, it* s all about money - it"s pure greed. 选择一项：

　A. The way I see

　B. As far as I see C. You have to say D. Talk about 题目 9 题干

　________

　admit that most people are not interested in being informed.

　选择一项: A. As far as I B. The other hand to C. You decide to D. You have to

　题目 10 Many people are worried about the effect of

　_____________

　on local culture. 选择一项：

　A. globalise B. globalization

　C. globalised D. global 题目 11 Despite the money they spent on

　____________

　, the building is still ugly. 选择一项：

　A. modernize B. modernized C. modern D. nodernization

　题目 12 We felt like complete

　___________

　when we first moved here. 选择一项：

　A. outside B. outsides C. outsider D. outsiders

　题目 13 I* d d

　have called an ambulance if I

　___________ my phone with me. 选择一项：

　A. had had

　B. would have C. had

　D. have If Tony

　________

　me a lift on his bike, I always say "no". 选择一项：

　A. offer B. would offer C. offered D. offers

　题目 15 Sheila felt quite

　____________

　when she bumped into her ex-boyfriend with his new girlfriend. 选择一项：

　A. dissatisfied B. uncomfortable

　C. exciting D. confused 题目 16 Do we really have to fill in all these forms? It"s so

　___________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. simple B. appealing C. modern D. tirescme

　题目 17 Hundreds of species are thought to be dying

　_____________

　every day. 选择一项：

　A. off B. away C. down D. out

　题目 18 We had a terrible storm last night but it soon died

　_________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. away

　B. down

　D. off 题目 19 This newspaper"s full of photographs and advertising: there* s

　_________________

　real news. 选择一项：

　A. quite a few B. every C. so much D. very little

　题目 20 Only a few of our features are written by our journalists: we get

　______________________

　of them from freelance writers. 选择一项：

　A. most B. all C. none D. some 题目 1 She

　____

　crying when she got her exam results. 选择一项：

　A. burst into B. set off C. burst out

　D. took off 题目 2 Clarissa* s failed all her exams! What

　_______ ? 选择一项：

　A. is she going to do

　B. had she done C. is she doing D. does she do 题目 3 A: I don* t like watching TV soaps. I think they are a waste of time.

　B: I

　____

　that. Millions of people are addicted to them! 选择一项：

　A. can tell B. agree with C. wouldn"t say

　D. "d never thought of 题目 4 She

　____

　in the town for ten years before she met him. 选择一项：

　A. has lived B. lived C. lives D. had been living

　题目 5 By the time he was twenty-five, he

　________

　his first million. 选择一项：

　A. had earned

　B. was earning C. will earn D. earns 题目 6 Now you* ve made the decision, you must

　________ . 选择一项：

　A. stick it B. stick to it

　C. to stick it D. stick it to 题目 7 Why are you

　___

　your lunch? Aren"t you hungry? 选择一项：

　A. pigging out B. parting with C. pointing out

　D. picking at

　题目 8

　_______

　of having ratings for so many different age groups. 选择一项：

　A. The way I see B. It might not necessarily be the case C. I really don"t see the point

　D. Bear in mind 题目 9

　_______

　it, it"s all about money - it"s pure greed. 选择一项：

　A. The way I see

　B. Talk about C. As far as I see D. You have to say 题目 10 Many people are worried about the effect of

　______________

　on local culture. 选择一项：

　A. globalised B. globalise C. globalization

　D. global 题目 11 Last night* s storm was the most

　___________

　we"ve had all year. 选择一项：

　A. destruct B. destructive

　C. destructed D. destruction 题目 12 I wonder what qualifications you need to be a business ________________

　选择一项：

　A. analysis B. analyzing

　C. analyze D. analyst

　题目 13 If he

　________

　a crash helmet, his injuries would be much worse. 选择一项：

　A. wasn, t wearing B. hadn* t worn C. didn"t vear

　D. doesn* t wear 题目 14 If he

　________

　driving like that, he"ll have a crash. 选择一项：

　A. keep B. have kept C. keeps

　D. kept 题目 15 Cherie seems quiet, but she can be very entertaining when the ________________ takes 选择一项：

　A. wine B. magic C. star D. mood

　题目 16 You look a bit

　__________

　. Maybe you should take some extra vitamins. 选择一项：

　A. outraged B. run- - down

　C. confident D. worried 题目 17 I know you hate your job, but you*11 have to live

　______________

　it for the time 选择一项：her. being.

　A. with

　B. away C. out D. off 题目 18 When our excitement finally died

　___________

　, we realised what the mi 11 ion-pound win meant. 选择一项：

　A. away

　B. off C. in D. out 题目 19 There are _________

　mistakes in this TV guide: I"ve found one on every page so far. 选择一项：

　A. almost no B. not too many C. quite a few

　D. very few 题目 20 I, _________________________________________________ d really like to be a photographer and spend the

　________________________________________________________

　day taking photographs! 选择一项：

　A. all B. first C. best D. whole

　题目 1 She

　____

　crying when she got her exam results. 选择一项：

　A. burst into B. burst out

　C. took off D. set off

　“I was getting up when I heard a crash. ” 选择一项：

　A. I witnessed a car accident. B. I made loud noise. C. The noise woke me up. D. I* d just turned the alam clock off.

　题目 3 A: They should serve vegetarian food in the B: That* s a good point. I

　____________ that. 选择一项：

　A. wouldn* t say B. *d never thought of

　C. wouIcin" t appreciate D. can deal with 题目 4

　_____

　to the dentist, he felt much better. 选择一项：

　A. Being B. Having been

　C. Been D. Was 题目 5

　________

　the light, she left the room. 选择一项：

　A. Turn off B. Turning off

　C. Turned off D. To turn off 题目 6 I* m glad I saw that film, it really

　____________ . 选择一项：

　This sentence means: school canteen.

　A. cheered me up

　B. cheered up C. cheered up me D. me cheered up 题目 7 Have you got any aspirin? The anaesthetic is

　___________ . 选择一项：

　A. wearing off it B. vearing off my mouth

　C. wearing off D. wearing it off 题目 8

　_______

　of having ratings for so many different age groups. 选择一项：

　A. I really don* t see the point

　B. Bear in mind C. The way I see D. It might not necessarily be the case 题目 9

　_______

　admit that most people are not interested in being informed. 选择一项：

　A. You have to

　B. You decide to C. As far as I D. The other hand to 题目 10 Many people are worried about the effect of

　______________

　on local culture. 选择一项：

　A. global B. globalization

　C. globalise D. globalised 题目 11

　I sometimes feel as if Toby isn"t even aware of my

　_______________

　. 选择一项：

　A. exist B. existing C. existed D. existence

　题目 12 I wonder what qualifications you need to be a business ________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. analysis B. analyzing C. analyst

　D. analyze 题目 13 I* d lend you my car if I

　___________

　it to be serviced. 选择一项：

　A. won* t take B. am not taken C. hadn"t taken

　D. don* t take 题目 14 I

　________

　riding a motorbike in this weather if I were you. 选择一项：

　A. dicin" t risk B. wouldn"t risk

　C. won"t risk D. don* t risk 题目 15 When the police started asking questions, Joe felt

　________________

　to tell the truth. 选择一项：

　A. coi^elled

　B. dangerous C. depressed D. exciting

　Cherie seems quiet, but she can be very entertaining when the ________________ takes her. 选择一项：

　A. mood

　B. wine C. star D. magic 题目 17 Once the press find out his secret, he* 11 never live it

　_________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. off B. up C. down

　D. on 题目 18 Hundreds of species are thought to be dying

　______________

　every day. 选择一项：

　A. off B. down C. away D. out

　题目 19 I, d really like to be a photographer and spend the

　______________

　day taking photographs! 选择一项：

　A. best B. first C. vhole

　D. all 题目 20 This newspaper* s full of photographs and advertising: there* s

　_______________

　real news. 选择一项：

　A. so much B. very little

　C. quite a few

　D. every 题目 1 She

　____

　crying when she got her exam results. 选择一项：

　A. burst into B. burst out

　C. took off D. set off 题目 2 This time tomorrow, we"ll have handed in our assignments and

　_________

　in the park. 选择一项：

　A. we" re relaxing B. we* 11 relax C. we relax D. ire"ll be relaxing

　题目 3 Just

　____ dirty dishes in the sink. I"ll wash them. 选择一项：

　A. leave

　B. talk C. take D. lose 题目 4 By the time he was twenty-five, he

　________

　his first million. 选择一项：

　A. will earn B. was earning C. had earned

　D. earns 题目 5 She

　____

　in the town for ten years before she met him.

　选择一项：

　B. lived C. had been living

　D. lives 题目 6 You,11 have to

　___

　a better excuse than that. 选择一项：

　A. go away from B. come across C. do away with D. cone up with

　题目 7 Now you* ve made the decision, you must

　________ . 选择一项：

　A. to stick it B. stick to it

　C. stick it D. stick it to 题目 8

　_______

　of having ratings for so many different age groups. 选择一项：

　A. The way I see B. It might not necessarily be the case C. I really don"t see the point

　D. Bear in mind 题目 9

　_______

　admit that most people are not interested in being informed. 选择一项：

　A. The other hand to B. You decide to C. As far as I D. You have to

　题目 10

　Many people are worried about the effect of

　______________

　on local culture.

　选择一项：

　A. globalise B. globalization

　C. globalised D. global 题目 11 We felt like complete

　___________

　when we first moved here. 选择一项：

　A. outsides B. outside C. outsiders

　D. outsider 题目 12 I wonder what qualifications you need to be a business _ 选择一项：

　A. analyze B. analyst

　C. analysis D. analyzing 题目 13 If he _________

　driving like that, he"ll have a crash. 选择一项：

　A. have kept B. keep C. kept D. keeps

　题目 14 I"d lend you my car if I

　____________

　it to be serviced. 选择一项：

　A. hadn"t taken

　B. won* t take

　C. don* t take 题目 15 Do we really have to fill in all these forms? It* s so

　_________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. tiresome

　B. modern C. simple D. appealing 题目 16 When the police started asking questions, Joe felt

　________________

　to tell the truth. 选择一项：

　A. depressed B. dangerous C. exciting D. compelled

　题目 17 I know you hate your job, but you* 11 have to live _______________

　it for the time being. 选择一项：

　A. out B. off C. with

　D. away 题目 18 Hundreds of species are thought to be dying

　______________

　every day. 选择一项：

　A. down B. away C. out

　D. off 题目 19

　Only a few of our features are written by our journalists: we get

　______________________

　of them writers. 选择一项：

　B. nost

　C. none D. all 题目 20 This newspaper, s full of photographs and advertising: there* s

　________________

　real news. 选择一项：

　A. quite a few B. very little

　C. every D. so much 题目 1 A:

　________

　speak to the recruitment manager, please. B: I"m sorry, I"m afraid he* s not in the office at the moment. 选择一项：

　A. Thank you for B. I vonder if I could

　C. Do you think you could D. I, m afraid I can* t 题目 2

　__

　Jane and Simon at Beluga Bar tomorrow. Do you want to come? 选择一项：

　A. I"m nee ting

　B. I* 11 have met C. I* 11 meet D. I meet 题目 3 A: They should serve vegetarian food in the school canteen. B: That* s a good point. I

　___________

　that. from freelance

　选择一项：

　A. wouldn* t appreciate B. "d never thought of

　C. can deal with 题目 4

　________

　the light, she left the room. 选择一项：

　A. Turn off B. Turning off

　C. To turn off D. Turned off 题目 5

　_____

　to the dentist, he felt much better. 选择一项：

　A. Being B. Was C. Having been

　D. Been 题目 6 Why are you

　___ your lunch? Aren, t you hungry? 选择一项：

　A. pointing out B. picking at

　C. pigging out D. parting with 题目 7 Have you got any aspirin? The anaesthetic is

　____________ . 选择一项：

　A. wearing it off B. vearing off my mouth

　C. wearing off

　D. wearing off it 题目 8

　________

　it, it"s all about money - it* s pure greed. 选择一项：

　A. You have to say

　C. The way I see

　D. As far as I see 题目 9

　_______

　of having ratings for so many different age groups. 选择一项：

　A. It might not necessarily be the case B. I really don"t see the point

　C. Bear in mind D. The way I see 题目 10 Many people are worried about the effect of

　______________

　on local culture. 选择一项：

　A. global B. globalised C. globalise D. globalization

　题目 11 Despite the money they spent on

　____________

　, the building is still ugly. 选择一项：

　A. modernize B. modernized C. modern D. nodernization

　题目 12 I sometimes feel as if Toby isn"t even aware of my

　_______________

　. 选择一项：

　A. existence

　B. existed C. exist D. existing 题目 13 I* d have called an ambulance if I

　___________

　my phone with me.

　选择一项：

　A. would have B. had had

　C. have D. had 题目 14 If Tony

　________

　me a lift on his bike, I always say "no". 选择一项：

　A. offered B. would offer C. offers

　D. offer 题目 15 Sheila felt quite

　____________

　when she bumped into her ex-boyfriend with his new girlfriend. 选择一项：

　A. confused B. uncomfortable

　C. dissatisfied D. exciting 题目 16 Cherie seems quiet, but she can be very entertaining when the ________________ takes her. 选择一项：

　A. magic B. wine C. mood

　D. star 题目 17 When our excitement finally died

　___________

　, we realised what the mi 11 ion-pound win meant. 选择一项：

　A. in B. away

　C. off D. out

　Once the press find out his secret, he*11 never live it

　__________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. up B. down

　C. on D. off 题目 19 There are _________

　mistakes in this TV guide: I"ve found one on every page so far. 选择一项：

　A. almost no B. quite a few

　C. not too many D. very few 题目 20 I, _________________________________________________ d really like to be a photographer and spend the

　________________________________________________________

　day taking photographs! 选择一项：

　A. whole

　B. all C. best D. first 题目 1 A:

　________

　speak to the recruitment manager, please. B: I*m sorry, I*m afraid he"s not in the office at the moment. 选择一项：

　A. I* m afraid I can* t B. I wonder if I could

　C. Thank you for D. Do you think you could 题目 2 Clarissa* s failed all her exams! What

　_______ ?

　选择一项：

　A. is she doing

　C. does she do D. is she going to do

　题目 3 Don* t

　__

　it for granted. It is totally different from what you think. 选择一项：

　A. take

　B. play C. ask D. answer 题目 4 After they

　______

　dinner, they went out. 选择一项：

　A. are finishing B. have finished C. finish D. had finished

　题目 5

　________

　the light, she left the room. 选择一项：

　A. Turn off B. Turned off C. Turning off

　D. To turn off 题目 6 I* m glad I saw that film, it really

　____________ . 选择一项：

　A. me cheered up B. cheered me up

　C. cheered up me D. cheered up 题目 7 Now you* ve made the decision, you roust

　________ .

　选择一项：

　A. stick it B. to stick it C. stick to it

　D. stick it to 题目 8

　________

　admit that most people are not interested in being informed. 选择一项：

　A. You have to

　B. The other hand to C. As far as I D. You decide to 题目 9

　________

　it, it"s all about money - it"s pure greed. 选择一项：

　A. As far as I see B. The way I see

　C. Talk about D. You have to say 题目 10 Many people are worried about the effect of

　______________

　on local culture. 选择一项：

　A. globalised B. globalise C. global D. globalization

　题目 11 Last night* s storm was the most

　___________ we"ve had all year. 选择一项：

　A. destructed B. destruct C. destructive

　D. destruction

　Despite the money they spent on

　___________

　, the building is still ugly. 选择一项：

　A. modernize B. modernization

　C. modern D. modernized 题目 13 I

　________

　riding a motorbike in this weather if I were you. 选择一项：

　A. wouldn"t risk

　B. won* t risk C. dicin" t risk D. don* t risk 题目 14 If he

　________

　a crash helmet, his injuries would be much worse. 选择一项：

　A. doesn, t wear B. hadn* t worn C. didn"t wear

　D. wasn* t wearing 题目 15 You look a bit

　__________

　. Maybe you should take some extra vitamins. 选择一项：

　A. run- - down

　B. outraged C. worried D. confident 题目 16 Cherie seems quiet, but she can be very entertaining when the ________________ takes her. 选择一项：

　A. magic

　B. mood

　D. star 题目 17 We had a terrible storm last night but it soon died

　________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. out B. dovn C. off D. away 题目 18 Once the press find out his secret, he* 11 never live it

　__________________

　. 选择一项：

　A. down B. up C. on D. off 题目 19 I, d really like to be a photographer and spend the

　_______________

　day taking photographs! 选择一项：

　A. vhole

　B. first C. best D. all 题目 20 This newspaper* s full of photographs and advertising: there* s

　_______________

　real news. 选择一项：

　A. very little

　B. so much C. quite a few D. every 桔任务 2 2 请同学们从以下口语交流任务中，选择一个口语任务，按照要求在自己的手机或者电脑上进行录音，然后将录制好的 音频文件上传到课程平台。辅导教师根据口语任务的完成质量,给予相应分数。

　口畛流任知 1. Work in pairs and role play the conversations. Then record your conversation.

　(1) You, Student A, want to buy two tickets for Romeo and Juliet next Friday. Phone Student B, who works at the theatre box office, and ask what tickets are available. Ask him/her for clarification when necessary. (2) You, Student B, work in a video library. Answer Student A" s questions, using the following information: When joining, people must provide some ID and proof of address. Members can borrow up to five DVDs at one time. Overdue DVDs will each incur a fine of 50p a day. Membership can be terminated at the discretion of the library staff. (Unit 2 / SPEAKING AND LISTENING—Sorry, you"ve lost me there) 2. Choose one of the statements below and prepare your arguments for or against it. Then record your arguments with the speaking skills you learned in this unit. Schools should encourage girls to study science and engineering more. Parents should not bring their children up to be stereotyped boys and girls. Historically, men were the hunters and women the homemakers. It should stay like that. (Unit 3 / SPEAKING AND LISTENING—Modern Life) 3. Prepare a presentation about Eminem using the profile information in Unit 4. Use the presentation skills just learned and record it. (Unit 4/ SPEAKINC AND LISTENING—Public speech) 4. Look at the picture and then describe what are you thinking in this case why the pupil stole i-pod. Press the record button and record your answers. (Unit 9 /GRAMMAR-Your regrets) 5. Work in pairs and roleplay a conversation in which one makes suggestions about housework sharing, and the other, his or her roommate, responds to it by either agreeing, apologizing or making excuses. Use language from Speak Out. (Unit 10 /SPEAKING AND LISTENING-How about redecorating it?) 6. Imagine you have been invited to the dinner party. Decide which famous people you should sit next to and why. Record your answer. Use language from Speak Out. (Unit 11/Speaking and Listening - Problem solving) 7. Choose a photo from the remaining four photos and prepare a short presentation. Use Speak Out to help you give emphasis. Record your presentation. (Unit 12 / Speaking and Listening - Presentation skills: Emphasis ) (1) Say why you chose the photo and what concept it represents for you. (2) Explain any personal significance that the photo has for you.

　(3) Describe the interesting/impressive features of the photo itself. 提示：本任务可曜过在线文字转 W W 音网站( htg：//app.xunjiepdf.com/text2gce/) 进行英语转 ® 音，完成后 点击下栽即可.-后把合成后的 3 mp3 文件上传到任务二当中. 0 文字转语音在线一般$换 Is it a waste of time and money to be fashionable? Record your opinions on the topic and justify the

　形考任务 3 3 请同学们从以下写作任务中，选择 f 写作任务，按照要求在自己的电脑上进行写作，然后将写好的内容上传到课程 平台。辅导教师根据写作任务的完成质量，给予相应分数。

　写作任务：

　1. Read the information and follow the instructions. Write a letter. An English person recently came to your school to give a talk (what was the talk about?). He/She left a personal possession (what is it?) at the school (where exactly?). You want to return the possession (how will you return it?) but you have had difficulty contacting the person (how have you tried to contact him/her?). You have a possible address for the person, but you* re not sure if it, s correct (why?). Write a letter to the person. (1) Thank them for coming to give the talk. (2) Explain the situation. (3) Ask them to contact you. (Unit 2 2

　 /friting―Some real practice on cocmunicating)

　2. Read the letter from * Mixed Up". Write a reply to * Mixed Up* advising him what to do. Use the ideas below and linking words from Train Your Brain. (1) talk to your parents/show them you are serious about Gloria (2) explain your feelings/ask them to try to accept her (3) tell them you understand their opinion/want them to understand yours (4) introduce Gloria to your parents/give them the chance to get to know her I* ve been going out with my Brazilian girlfriend, Gloria, for six months but I"m afraid to tell ray parents. They want me to go out with someone from my own country. I think they*re scared I"ll get married and live abroad, and they,11 never see

　me again. What can I do? Mixed Up 已斌入 100 字,痒再愉入吟 ±,立即下裁

　(Unit 3 /WRITING)

　3. You are going to rewrite the story about Jack in Story B to make it more memorable. First, think about the questions below. Then plan and write the story. (1) What did Jack have in his bag and why? What were he and his friends planning to do at the beach? (2) Where could the turning point of the story be? Think about how long Jack was asleep/ what happened while he was asleep/what happened when he woke up. (3) Why were Jack* s friends not at the beach when he arrived? Had Jack made a mistake about the time or place? Or had something happened to his friends on their way? (Unit 4 4

　 / READING AND WRITING — Menorable Stories)

　4. You are going to write an advice leaflet called "Improving your Social Life,. (1) make notes about the following: ♦reasons why people may not have a good social life *the effect that not having a good social life can have *ways of improving your social life (where to go, what to do/avoid doing, how to behave, what to say/what not to say, etc) (2) look back at the leaflet about stress and underline any useful phrases for giving advice. (3) Write your leaflet, organising the information into paragraphs with headings (Unit 5/friting - -

　Coping with stress)

　5. Make notes about a book you have enjoyed reading, using the prompts below and information in TRAIN YOUR BRAIN in Unit 6. Expand the information and write a review of your book (200 - 250 words) . (6 分) (Unit 6 /fRITING AND VOCABULARY- - book review) 6. Look at the essay question. Make a list of arguments for and against the statement, and decide whether you agree with it or not. Then write your essay in 200-250 words. (Unit 8/IRITING- - lfobile Phone)

　7. Write a description of a memorable place you once visited. Use Train Your Brain to plan and check your review, and include descriptive language from the lesson. Write 200-250 words. (Unit 10 /WRITING AND READING- - Living in the past)

　8. Choose a headline from below and write a short article about it, using 60-70 words. (1) Thieves caught in stolen clothes (2) School burglar takes Maths test (3) Burglar sleeps on the job (4) Stolen painting recovered

　（ Unit 11 /Writing - -

　Headlines and short articles ）

　答案如下，（新建 d f word 文档，把下面文字复 W 1W 到新建的文档中，是后把该文档上到任务三中）

　A letter to an Englishman

　Dear Mr Jack,

　I* m glad to write to you and thank you for giving us a wonderful speech on hor to learn English well. I, m also writing to tell you that you left your bag on.

　 the desk in the hall during your speech. I* d like to return it to you as soon as possible, but I don" t know your address or your coopany.

　I got in touch with your office but you were out and I spoke to your secretary, who said that it belonged to your own possession and advised me to send it to where you live. She gave me your address and I will se nd your bag to you as soon as possible.

　Thank you again for spending your valuable time for us students at our school and I regret to be unable to return your bag as possible as I can.

　Yours sincerely

　Zhouyang

　《社会学概论》形考网络课答案 瞬任务］ 主原讨论，留守）问题的社会学分析 在我国快速的社会转型和城市化进程中，人口流动日益 g,越来越多的青壮年农民进城务工，在广大农村也随之产 生了 的未成年人群体一留守根据《中国 0 2010 年第六次人口普查 > 样本数据来推算，全国有留守儿 童 5 6102.55 万.留守）中普堆存在着学业失教、情艘失落等一系列问题，弓 I I 起了社会各界对这个群体的关注，妥善 解决留守儿童问原已经刻不容氛 请点击观看凤■大濒童年一中国农村留守跋录和视频贵州山区留守真 实生活，然后，从社会学的角度对留守问题进行分析讨论， 社会学视野下的农村留守问题探析 一、留守问题产生的背景及其心理发展现状 留守 „ 是指农村地区因父母或单方长期在外打工而被交由父母单方或祖辈、他人来抚养、教育和管理的 根据权或调查，中国农村目前“留守儿童”数送超过了 0 5800 万人. 67.2%的留守儿童是父母一方外出， 42. 8%的留 守父母同时外出.留守中的 79.7%由爷爷、奶奶或外公、外英抚养， 13%的孩子被托付给亲戚、朋友， 7. 3%为不确定或无人监护，随着经济和社会的发展，随着城市化进度的进瑚加快，在相当长的时期内，“留守 的队伍不仅不会缩小，而且必将进 f 扩大。这耳模庞大的“留守队伍中的很多孩子，因为家庭生活和教育 的缺陷，健康和安全难以得到保证，无法享受到同龄孩子的花季、雨季，有的留守从小就染上了诸多不良的社会 风气，有的则因心理长期压抑而导致了行为的偏羞或性格的扭曲，部分则成为让人难以置信的一系列恶劣事件的主谋 者或被害人.

　留守正处于青少年情感性格变化的转型时期，长期与父母分离使他们在生理和心理上的需求得不到满足，消 极情绪一直困扰着他们，使其变得自卑、沉默、悲观、孤僻、情绪不稳定，或者表现出任性、暴躁、憎恨、极蜩的心 理特征.其中，年臻越小的孩子表现越是突出，尤其是小学生表现明显，另外，女生比男生更突出。比较突出的心理 问题主要有性格孤僻不合群、焦度与自卑倾向、扭曲心理严重、人生观与价值观的转变成偏移等. 二、 社会化程度影响留守心理发展 （_）

　留守社会化的概念 个体社会化是个陆社会环瞄响下，认蹄掌握社会* » 、社会标准的曜， mt 与社会的互动，学习知识、 价值、技能、动机和适合他们在群体或社会中的地位和角色的过程，个体能够根据社会规范来控制和调整自己的行为, 适应社会生活，得以独立地金加社会活珈 社会心理学对个体社会化的关注点是个体从“自然人”变成“社会人”的 过程、个体形成独特人格的影响因素，以及个体社会化的内在心理机制。我想，留守儿童心理发展离不开社会化的影 响，社会化是的重要任务.与幼儿期相比，童年期生活的重大变化使的社会交往发生了相应的变化，留守儿 童的心理待征正是在参与群体生活中，对群体的文化、价值、生活方式、特定的社会要求作出的反应时显示出来的异 于别人的心理品质.在社会化的过程中，他们逐渐发展了独特的个性和自我，卷过时间的推移做强化而形成稳定的 人格和心理状态. （二）从个体社会化的内容看留守的心理发展 哈岫 I 洛在《人类发展》中将人的一生分为六个阶段，其中，在 Jg, 通过游戏学习一些动作技能，学习 与同伴建立良好的关系，学习文化知识，发展顺利完成这些早期社会化的任务，其实也是完成该阶段心理发 展的社会任务，需要留守儿童有一个积极的社会化行为，做出符合社会朔待的亲社会性行为。在这个过程中，与社会 生活接触，留守 /LM 具体需要掌握基本的生活技能如吃饭、穿衣、语言表达等人类录初的行为方式；需蔓促使自我观 念的发展，分清自我和耳漫及两者之间的关系；培养良好的道德品德和社会角色，使自我心理内容内化.然而，与其 他相比，由于受身为留守以及这一身份下存在的很多缺陷的影响，成长过程中缺乏与社会成员的正常互动交 往经历，于是行为容易产生偏差，彩性循环，由此导致生活技能翼，自我观念模篇，道符感不尝，社会角色不到位等, 由此可知，很多社会化任务无法顺利完成,和那些浪孩、熊孩、豹孩类似，难以获得正常人的心理.社会化发展的障 碍和控折将带来消极的心理反应，产生普眼需要解决的心理和社会矛盾，这是笔者在理解社会化内容的基础上分析出 来的留守儿童心理发展出现问原的原因. 三、 社会环境影响留守/皿心理发展 留守）皿心理发展会受到多种因素的影响，人类行为与社会环境一书中认为，行为是个人生理、心理和社会环境 综合因素下的结果，笔者认为，留心理发展出现偏差与其处的社会环境有很大的联系.从宏观上看，社会环境涵 盖了家庭、学校、同辈奏体、宗教社团、社区环境、传播媒介等所有的组织机构.留守 ）0 作为社会化的主体，其社 会化的效果受社会环境的影响，不理想的心理特征与社钢境息息相关. （一）

　家庭功能影响留守）

　LM 的心理发展 家庭教育作为长过程中的第 f,它的成功与否宜接关系到 JLM 今后心理的发展.埃里克森把人格发展分 为八个阶段，其中前五个阶段都是在时期完成的，人格与心理相通，健康的人格有益于心理的健康，可见 JL＞ 时 期是多么重鬟的一个阶段.而人格和心理的形成高不开家庭，家庭是 ）0 时朔的社会化机构，家庭功能的完整, 无形之中使儿童完成社会化要求时拥有亲情力量的支持与指导，社会任务的完成作用下的心理反应也是积极的，

　然而，留守）皿的父母长年累月在外打工，他们往往以为给留守孩子买了几件衣％ 交清了学费，寄回了充足的 生活费，就是自己关爱孩子的全部，很少注童到孩子在想什么。父母没有扮演好）社会化过程中的倾听者、支持者、 理解者、鼓励者和教育者等角色，留守没有得到基本的亲子教育，这必然导致留守）

　LM 没有机会向父母表达自己 的蜂受，父母也没有机会向孩子传达感情，长此以往，会导致父母与子女之间产生心理上的隔阂，使丧失来源于 家庭的基本的心理归属和心理依恋，这种健康的依恋关系用心理学的术语就是安全型依恋性关系.父母长期在外务工, 这种安全型依恋关系就难以形成，安全醯缺失，留守 JUL 可能很长一段时间处于烬恐的状态，认为一切重鬟的东西部 有可能失去.在这种不安全的心态下，他们很难形成真正健廉的成长心态，也使得他们难以形成对周围人的信任感， 因而性格发展容易变得孤怖他们会遇到很多困难，因不能得到父母及时的常助和倾，容易陷入自暴自弃的困境。

　父母本应该映的 U 性活技能、社会规菟，培养生活目标和正确的世界观、人生 R 、价值观等等，但是留守完难 以成这些社会化要求，很容易产生无助、迷茫、失望、自责等消极心理. 另一方面，由于很多孩子由爷爷奶奶或者外公外婆隔代抚养，有的老人对孩子溺爱放纵，留守几乎生活在无 限制状态下，缺乏正常的积极的曾教和引导，极易导致心理上的巨大变化和失衡，许多留守常常够到非常无助， 当留守的负面情绪无处幅诉时，很容易形成彖跪、怨恨、自卑和无助的心理，有些 JUt 还会缺乏自信，并在心理 上承担巨大的压力.除此之外，根据社会比较论，每个人都会自觉不自觉地与他人进行比较，尤其是与自己相似的人 进行比较.比较的结果则会强化原来的某种心态。留守 JUL 与非留守儿的比较，使他们因缺乏亲情而产生了更多的失 落感和心理失衡，心理健康存在阴影，很大一 W 分表现出内心封闭、情感冷漠、自卑惰新、行为孤僻、缺乏交流的主 动性、髀气暴豚、冲动易怒等。

　（二）

　同酸群体在社会交往中彩响留守的心理发展 同辈群体是个体社会化的 f 重要因素，对留守心理发展来说，影响尤为显著 ・ JLM 正处于心理上的“断鼠 期”，他们日益力图独立，都喜欢与同辈在一起而不是父母.据调查发现， 70% 以上的 ）0 遇到困难而心理烦恼时，不 是首先与父母商量，而是与同伴商量（包括异性朋友）.同伴群体成为留守庄要的活动领域和交往对象 "LB 之 向交往密切，在交往过程中，是否能建立友谊关系，相互学习社会技能、交往、合作和自我控制，以及体验情绪和进 行认识活珈对儿童的心理发展有着重要的影电也影响以后的人际关系发展。而留守儿童这， hS 体船常在同伴 团体中处于受推斥的对象，他们在团体中的地位难以被同伴团体接期，在共同活动中他们无法正确进行社会角色的扮 演，这对留守）皿心理发展产生一定的影响，使其在同伴团体不能滴足交往与蛆腐的需要，对其身心发展、教育、道 德的形成和社会化产生消极的影响， （3）

　学校在教育过程中影响留守 JUt 的心理发展 学校是家庭之外的最主要的社会化主体.学校的角色在于将 JLM 统一起来接受国家的正规教育，同时承担了 成年前的社会化职责.学校侧重在校时段的教学管理，对留守的心理关爱难以顾及，与家长的沟通难以实现，对 那些“问J8ULM” 难以管理.学习过程有利于的心理发展，在掌握学习的知识的过程中，留守不但心理活动 的内容有了改变，而且各种心理过程也起了变化，但是有的学校注直对学习成绩好的学生的关心，而对成统差或一般 的学生态度冷淡，有的学校教育无效时干臆放任不管，一推了之。在农村地区，学校教育对留守儿童承担的责任更重, 也是关健，但存在的问题也果多.农村学校的老师对学业不佳、擅自逃课的留守儿童多有抱怨和责怪的情斜对留守 关注度不够，农村学校也没有开设与留守身心发展相适应的课程。由于家庭生活的不完整，留守在心理 发展上存在很多困璃和问 JS, 他们没有及时得到学校崎予希助和疏导，学校没有起到通过集体的温暧弥补留守孩子亲 子关系的映失作用.这是笔者从学校的角度浅谈留守）

　LM 心理发展偏差的原因.

　（4）

　大众传媒传递的信息影响留守的心理发展 大众传嫌包括广播、电视、报纸、杂志、书籍和网络媒体等，球代社会中对留守）

　Ut 的身心成长发生重要影响. 一方面，留守多性格抓僻，对人和事物多表现出消极和冷漠的态度，于是往往迷恋媒介交流，通过频繁和长时 同使用媒介来寻求精神上的嚣藉和滴足.久而久之，对媒介信息产生依赖的心理，越来越远离现实社会，加上缺少监 督和有效的引导，他们吸后迷恋上了媒介所建构的虚幻世界而无法自拔，失去与社会的正蚩互动，这将加深孤林、自 卑等心理问原.另一方面，随着农村经济的发展，大众传捐媒介在农村普迫化，留守 /LM 得以大范围地接触形形色色 的信息.在大众传播媒介商...