形容词副词

　形容词 副词

　4.1 形容 词 及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

　 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。

　 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。

　（错）

　He is an ill man.（对）

　The man is ill.

　（错）

　She is an afraid girl.（对）

　The girl is afraid.

　这类词还有：

　well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。

　 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：

　4.2 用形容 词 表示 类别 和整体 1）

　某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind

　 The poor are losing hope.

　 2）

　有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。

　the British，the English，the French，the Chinese The English have wonderful sense of humor 4.3 以-ly 结 结 尾的形容词 词 1）

　大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，

　ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。

　改错：(错）

　She sang lovely.（错）

　He spoke to me very friendly.

　 （对）

　Her singing was lovely.（对）

　He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

　 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。

　daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

　The Times is a daily paper.

　 The Times is published daily. 4.4 多 多 个 形容 词 修 饰 名 词 的 顺序 序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词

　a small round table

　 a tall gray building

　 a dirty old brown shirt

　 a famous German medical school 1）

　Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

　A. little two other B. two little other

　C. two other little

　D. little other two

　 答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有 C 符合答案。

　 2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

　A. old Chinese stone

　 B. Chinese old stone

　C. old stone Chinese

　D. Chinese stone old

　答案 A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

　 3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

　---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.

　A. few last sunny

　B. last few sunny

　C. last sunny few

　D. few sunny last

　 答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：

　 限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square

　新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table 4.5 副 副 词 及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。

　 一、副词的位置：

　 1）

　在动词之前。2）

　在 be 动词、助动词之后。

　3）

　多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

　 注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。

　We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.

　b. 方式副词 well，badly 糟、坏，hard 等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.

　 二、副词的排列顺序：

　 1）

　时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。

　 2）

　方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。

　Please write slowly and carefully.

　 3）

　多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

　 注意：副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

　 改错：(错) I very like English.

　(对) I like English very much.

　 注意：副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。

　I don"t know him well enough.

　 There is enough food for everyone to eat.

　There is food enough for everyone to eat. 4.6 兼有 两种 形式的副词 词 1) close 与 closely:close 意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"

　 He is sitting close to me.

　 Watch him closely. 2) late 与 lately:late 意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"

　 You have come too late.

　What have you been doing lately? 3) deep 与 deeply:deep 意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

　 He pushed the stick deep into the mud

　Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high 与 highly:high 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于 much

　 The plane was flying high.

　 I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide 与 widely: wide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

　 He opened the door wide.

　English is widely used in the world. 6) free 与 freely:free 的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"

　 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

　You may speak freely; say what you like. 4.7 形容 词与 副 词 的比 较级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

　 1) 规则变化

　 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est 来构成比较级和最高级。

　构成法

　原级

　比较级

　最高级

　一般单音节词

　tall(高的)

　 taller

　tallest

　 未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater

　greatest

　 以不发音的 e 结尾 nice(好的)

　 nicer

　nicest

　 的单音词和少数

　large(大的)

　larger

　largest

　 以- le 结尾的双 able（有能力的) abler

　ablest

　 音节词只加-r,-st

　以一个辅音字母 big(大的)

　bigger

　biggest

　结尾的闭音节单 hot 热的)

　hotter

　hottest

　 音节词，双写结

　 尾的辅音字母，

　 再加-er，-est

　 "以辅音字母+y" easy(容易的)

　easier

　easiest

　 结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的)

　 busier

　busiest

　 改 y 为 i，再加-er，-est

　 少数以-er，-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest

　 结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的)

　narrower narrowest

　 未尾加-er，-est

　其他双音节词和 important(重要的)

　多音节词，在前

　more important

　 面加 more，most

　most important

　 来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)

　 最高级。

　 more easily

　most easily

　2) 不规则变化

　原级

　 比较级

　 最高级

　 good(好的)/

　better

　best

　 well(健康的)

　bad (坏的)/

　 worse

　 worst

　 ill(有病的)

　 old (老的)

　 older/elder oldest/eldest

　much/many(多的)

　 more

　most

　 little(少的)

　less

　 least

　 far (远的)

　 farther/further

　farthest/furthest

　1.

　If I had＿＿＿, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.

　A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough

　2. These oranges taste＿＿＿.

　A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well

　3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.

　A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice

　4. I’d be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.

　A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful

　5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of ＄19 in the shopping center.

　A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary

　6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.

　A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small leather

　7. —— How was your job interview?

　—— Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.

　A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier

　8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿＿＿＿?

　A. tastes best B. smells most C. sounds best D. drinks mostly

　9. —— Can Li Hua help me with my English?

　—— I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.

　A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as

　10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.

　A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less

　11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.

　Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.

　A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep

　12. This year they have produced＿＿＿grain＿＿＿they did last year.

　A. as less； as B. as few； as C. less； than D. fewer； than

　13. —— Can I help you?

　—— Well, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.

　A. so B. much C. very D. too

　14. —— How did you find your visit to the museum?

　—— I thoroughly enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.

　A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting

　15. —— Would you like some wine?

　—— Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.

　A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit

　16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.

　A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker

　17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.

　A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

　18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.

　A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple

　19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.

　A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive

　20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.

　A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a

　21. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ＿＿＿＿＿choice.

　A. good B. the best C. better D. the better

　22. It was＿＿＿＿＿late to catch a bus after the party, there fore we called a taxi.

　A. too very B.much too C. too much D. far

　23. Greenland, ＿＿＿＿＿island in the world, covers even two million square kilometers.

　A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest

　24. —— Mum, I think I’m ＿＿＿＿＿ to get back to school.

　—— Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.

　A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough

　25. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿＿＿＿film characters.

　A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. frightenly

　26. When they heard the bad news, they all looked＿＿＿＿

　at the master and felt quite＿＿＿＿＿.

　A. sad； sad B. sadly； sadly C. sad； sadly D. sadly； sad

　27. The storm kept me＿＿＿＿＿all through the night.

　A. awake B. awoke C. awaked D.awoken

　28. —— What do you think of the concert?

　—— Oh, it was＿＿＿＿＿success.

　A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really 43. There was no news； ＿＿＿＿, she did not give up hope.

　A. moreover B. therefore C. but D. nevertheless

　44. The guide told us that he would organize some business men abroad＿＿＿next week.

　A. some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes

　45. I’ve got ＿＿＿＿＿＿work to do on a ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ cold day.

　A. much too； much too B...