情态动词用法
Usages of Modal Verbs
※ ※ must →should →can →could →may →might ( (语气从强到弱)
)
1. must 所表示的可能性最大,最有把握,意为“一定”。
2. can 和 could 主要用于否定句和疑问句中,can’t 或 couldn’t 表示“不可能”。
3. may 和 might 表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况,主要用于肯定句中,might 相对于 may 来说,表示的可能性更小一些。
注意:1)
表示猜测,can/could 一般不用于肯定句中,除非是“经验之谈”。
e.g.
Anybody can make mistakes.
2)
表示猜测,may 和 might 都不用于疑问句中。
e.g.
(正)
Can /Could it be cloudy tomorrow?
(误)
May /Might it be cloudy tomorrow? 即讲即练
① Mary ____ be in Paris, for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t
B. can’t
C. shouldn’t
D. may not ② Peter ____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. will
③ Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖ — I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead.
A. must
B. would
C. should
D. might
④ It ____ last night,for the ground was wet this morning.
A. must have rained
B. may have rained
C. must rain
D. might rain
4. should 也可以用来表示“推测”,意为“可能;该”,相当于 be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述,语气上不如 must强。
即讲即练
① — Will Mr Wang offer us a hand? — He ____ be glad to. He never refused our request.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. should
② — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. — They ____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can
B. should
C. might
D. need ③ It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can 注意:
解答情态动词表示猜测的试题时,一要清楚被猜测的时间,二要清楚有无客观事实根据。若有客观事实根据,则无论是肯定还是否定的猜测,猜测语气最强且符合时间要求的为最佳答案;若无客观事实根据,纯凭主观臆断,则猜测语气最弱且符合时间要求的为最佳答案。
情态动词表示推测的用法
表示推测 —— 情态动词的重要用法 情态动词 对现在 对过去 对将来 肯定的推测 must + V. +
be doing + have done + V. 常见 must be 可能的推测 may, might could, can + V. + be doing
+ have done
+ V.
否定的推测 can’t, couldn’t + V. + be doing
+ have done
+ V. 疑问的推测 can, could + V. + be doing
+ have done
+ V. 即讲即练
① 那小女孩没有出门。她现在一定在做家庭作业。
The girl is not out. She
her homework now. ② 路上是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。
The road is wet. It
last night. ③ 我刚刚拜访过他。他现在一定呆在家里。
I have just dropped in on him. He
at home. ④ — 你为什么没有接电话? — 我当时一定是在睡觉所以没听见。
—Why didn’t you answer my phone call?
—Well, I
, so I didn’t hear it.
⑤ 那男孩想必已经完成了他的家庭作业了。
The boy
his homework.
情态动词表示能力时,一般用 can /could 或 be able to。
1. can 常指现在,较常用;如果只表示能力时,两者都可用。
e.g.
I can / am able to swim. 2.
be able to ① 可用于各种时态
e.g. We shall be able to finish the work next week.
② 侧重于“克服一定困难”“经过一定努力”“有能力”干某事 can
① 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态
② 客观上能够 即讲即练
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
情态动词表示 能力 的用法
※ ※ can/could/may/might 过去式 could 常用于疑问句中,比 can 更加委婉,表示礼貌。回答时,常用原形 can 或者 may,不可再用过去式 could/might。
e.g.
— Can/May/Could I use your pen? 肯定简略回答:— Yes, you can/may.
— Yes, please. 否定简略回答:— No, you mustn’t.
— Please don’t.
— No, you may not.
即讲即练
— Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you ____.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
※ ※ shall 和 和 should 1. shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
e.g.
Shall we begin our class?(征求意见)
When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示) 2. shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令,警告,允诺,决心或威胁。
e.g.
You shall go with me. (命令) You shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺) He shall be punished. (威胁) 3. 用于条约,规定,规章等文件中,表示一种义务,shall 多用于第三人称中。
即讲即练
“The interest ___ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall 4. should= ought to 表示劝告,命令,建议,意为“应该”,而 ought to 语气更强 e.g.
A: I’ll start the work tomorrow.
B: I think you should start today.
C: No, you ought to start at once. (语气更强)
※ ※ must / have to must
“必须”,侧重说话人的主观看法 have to
(有多种时态)侧重于客观上的需要,含有“不得不”的意思 =have got to e.g.
— Must I hand in my exercises now? — Yes, you must.
— No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to. 注意:
mustn’t
不应该,不许,禁止 don’t have to = needn’t
不必
其它情态动词的用法
情态动词表示 “ 许可” ”、 、 “ 允许 ” 的用法
※ ※ will 做情态动词 1. will 表示请求, 建议等,不如 would 委婉。
e.g.
Will /Would you pass me the book? Will he pay for me? 2. will 表示意志,愿望,决心。
e.g.
I will never do that again. I will give up smoking. ※ ※ used to 和 和 would 1. 都可以表示过去重复的习惯。
2. 区别:
used to “过去怎样而现在却不这样了” would 单纯表示过去的习惯性动作,常和 often, everyday 等连用 e.g.
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. (现在可能散步也可能不散步了)
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. (而现在不散步了)
不能用的 would 的情况:
1) She isn’t what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。(表示对比,不可用 would)
2) There used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。
(表示过去的状态,只能用 used to,不可用 would)
※ ※ 可兼做行为动词的情态动词:need 、dare
情态动词 (+动词原形) 行为动词
need
dare 1. 无人称和数的变化;
多用于肯定句;
need to do
dare to do need to be done
need doing 2. 尤其用于:* 否定句及疑问句中; * 在 if/whether 之后; * 或与 hardly, never, no one, nobody 连用; 3. 常以 needn’t 和 daren’t 的形式出现; 4. dare 有其过去时 dared。
e.g.
We need to tell him the news. You don’t need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering? I didn’t dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes. 即讲即练
判断正误题:
How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing? He daren’t to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. These dishes needed be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully. These dishes need cleaning carefully
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